Novel Biosensing Technology

The biosensing engine that makes continuous ketone monitoring possible.

KetoTap Core is a novel, patent-pending BHB oxidase: the first enzyme purpose-built for reliable, affordable, real-time ketone measurement in blood test strips and continuous monitors.

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01

Glucose has an oxidase. Ketones never have.

Every CGM and glucose strip runs on a simple glucose oxidase. Ketone measurement has been stuck on a dehydrogenase engine that's unstable, expensive, and too complex for continuous use.

02

We engineered the missing enzyme.

KetoTap Core is a novel BHB oxidase, developed with UC Davis, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme. Patent-pending composition of matter. No external co-factor. No mediator. Clean electrochemistry.

03

Drop-in technology for device makers.

KetoTap Core works the same way as the oxidase in CGM sensors and glucose blood test strips. Same electrochemistry, same immobilization approach. Plug-and-play for manufacturers already building glucose devices.

Customer Applications

Where KetoTap Core Fits

Two device categories need a better ketone enzyme. KetoTap Core is the drop-in oxidase that removes the bottleneck in both.

Blood Meter & Test Strip Manufacturers

Lower Unit Costs. Simpler Manufacturing. Longer Shelf Life.

Current BHB test strips use a dehydrogenase requiring NAD+ co-factor, mediator, and complex immobilization, driving unit costs to 4–5x glucose strip equivalents. KetoTap Core is a direct oxidase that eliminates this complexity.

No external co-factor (NAD+)

No mediator required

No mediator required

Substantially reduced unit cost

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

Blood Meter & Test Strip Manufacturers

Lower Unit Costs. Simpler Manufacturing. Longer Shelf Life.

Current BHB test strips use a dehydrogenase requiring NAD+ co-factor, mediator, and complex immobilization, driving unit costs to 4–5x glucose strip equivalents. KetoTap Core is a direct oxidase that eliminates this complexity.

No external co-factor (NAD+)

No mediator required

No mediator required

Substantially reduced unit cost

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

Blood Meter & Test Strip Manufacturers

Lower Unit Costs. Simpler Manufacturing. Longer Shelf Life.

Current BHB test strips use a dehydrogenase requiring NAD+ co-factor, mediator, and complex immobilization, driving unit costs to 4–5x glucose strip equivalents. KetoTap Core is a direct oxidase that eliminates this complexity.

No external co-factor (NAD+)

No mediator required

No mediator required

Substantially reduced unit cost

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

CKM & CGM-CKM Developers

The Enzyme That Makes Continuous Ketone Monitors Viable

Existing dehydrogenase engines degrade rapidly, limiting CKM sensor life to days rather than the 10–14 day wear time required for commercial viability. KetoTap Core's oxidase-based architecture matches glucose oxidase degradation kinetics.

Degradation profile comparable to glucose oxidase in CGMs

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Standard immobilization; no proprietary materials required

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

CKM & CGM-CKM Developers

The Enzyme That Makes Continuous Ketone Monitors Viable

Existing dehydrogenase engines degrade rapidly, limiting CKM sensor life to days rather than the 10–14 day wear time required for commercial viability. KetoTap Core's oxidase-based architecture matches glucose oxidase degradation kinetics.

Degradation profile comparable to glucose oxidase in CGMs

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Standard immobilization; no proprietary materials required

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

CKM & CGM-CKM Developers

The Enzyme That Makes Continuous Ketone Monitors Viable

Existing dehydrogenase engines degrade rapidly, limiting CKM sensor life to days rather than the 10–14 day wear time required for commercial viability. KetoTap Core's oxidase-based architecture matches glucose oxidase degradation kinetics.

Degradation profile comparable to glucose oxidase in CGMs

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Oxidase-based electrochemistry; drop-in for existing CGM manufacturing

Standard immobilization; no proprietary materials required

Extended shelf life through improved enzyme stability

End-Use Applications

Where Ketone Measurement Matters

Ketones play a critical role across the health spectrum, from acute risk management to long-term therapeutic monitoring. Until now, no enzymatic technology could measure them reliably in real time.

~60% of CGM users are T1D patients at risk for DKA

DKA Detection

Real-time risk monitoring for Type 1 diabetes

Despite DKA being a fatal risk for the 60% of CGM users with T1D, a continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) option does not yet exist. Leading clinical guidelines now advocate for CKM integration to prevent crises, but realizing these life-saving dual-sensing devices depends on developing a stable ketone sensing engine.

~60% of CGM users are T1D patients at risk for DKA

DKA Detection

Real-time risk monitoring for Type 1 diabetes

Despite DKA being a fatal risk for the 60% of CGM users with T1D, a continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) option does not yet exist. Leading clinical guidelines now advocate for CKM integration to prevent crises, but realizing these life-saving dual-sensing devices depends on developing a stable ketone sensing engine.

23M people in the U.S. participate in ketogenic protocols.

Metabolic Health & Therapeutic Ketosis

From epilepsy to oncology to metabolic wellness

Beyond DKA prevention, continuous ketone monitoring is essential for validating ketosis-based therapies currently being researched by institutions like Stanford and Harvard for epilepsy, mental health, oncology, and metabolic health. Whether managing T2D or complementing GLP-1 treatments, these diverse protocols rely on the same stable sensing technology to track therapeutic efficacy in real time.

23M people in the U.S. participate in ketogenic protocols.

Metabolic Health & Therapeutic Ketosis

From epilepsy to oncology to metabolic wellness

Beyond DKA prevention, continuous ketone monitoring is essential for validating ketosis-based therapies currently being researched by institutions like Stanford and Harvard for epilepsy, mental health, oncology, and metabolic health. Whether managing T2D or complementing GLP-1 treatments, these diverse protocols rely on the same stable sensing technology to track therapeutic efficacy in real time.

$

$

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0

B

B

CGM Market Addressable

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%

%

of CGM Users at DKA Risk

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M

M

U.S Ketogenic Protocol Users

A fast black sports car races down the highway.

What Experts Are Saying

“KetoTap Core enables continuous ketone monitoring and represents a disruptive technology in metabolic health. Advancing Ketone Metabolic Therapy requires an accurate, noninvasive continuous monitoring system that validates sustained therapeutic ketosis.”

— Dr. Dominic D'Agostino

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A fast black sports car races down the highway.

What Experts Are Saying

“KetoTap Core enables continuous ketone monitoring and represents a disruptive technology in metabolic health. Advancing Ketone Metabolic Therapy requires an accurate, noninvasive continuous monitoring system that validates sustained therapeutic ketosis.”

— Dr. Dominic D'Agostino

Our Approach

A New Core Engine for Ketone Measurement

The Bottleneck

What's been slowing the industry down

The ketone measurement industry has been constrained by a single technical limitation: the enzyme. Existing dehydrogenase-based engines require an external co-factor (NAD+), a mediator, and complex immobilization, making them unstable, expensive, and unsuitable for continuous monitoring.

KetoTap Core

Our solution to he market

In partnership with UC Davis, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme, we have engineered a novel BHB oxidase that converts ketones directly into an electrical signal using the same mechanism as standard glucose sensors. By eliminating the need for co-factors or mediators, this fundamentally simpler architecture offers clean electrochemistry and standard immobilization. These advancements make KetoTap Core a true drop-in solution for manufacturers looking to leverage their existing production lines for CGM sensors and glucose test strips.

KetoTap Core is commercially ready. We are scaling production and sampling to customers beginning Q2 2026.

In partnership with UC Davis, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme, we have engineered a novel BHB oxidase that converts ketones directly into an electrical signal using the same mechanism as standard glucose sensors. By eliminating the need for co-factors or mediators, this fundamentally simpler architecture offers clean electrochemistry and standard immobilization. These advancements make KetoTap Core a true drop-in solution for manufacturers looking to leverage their existing production lines for CGM sensors and glucose test strips.

KetoTap Core is commercially ready. We are scaling production and sampling to customers beginning Q2 2026.

In partnership with UC Davis, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme, we have engineered a novel BHB oxidase that converts ketones directly into an electrical signal using the same mechanism as standard glucose sensors. By eliminating the need for co-factors or mediators, this fundamentally simpler architecture offers clean electrochemistry and standard immobilization. These advancements make KetoTap Core a true drop-in solution for manufacturers looking to leverage their existing production lines for CGM sensors and glucose test strips.

KetoTap Core is commercially ready. We are scaling production and sampling to customers beginning Q2 2026.

Patent-pending composition of matter. Enzyme engineered using computational protein design (AlphaFold) and directed evolution (Codexis, EvoEnzyme). On-sensor validation led by UCSD Center for Wearable Sensors.

The Team

Leadership

Giovanni Battistini

CEO & Co-Founder

Innovation executive with a track record building and scaling ventures across consumer health, food technology, and biotech. Leads commercial strategy and customer development.

Janet Tamada, Ph.D.

VP of Biosensing & Co-Founder

World-class biosensing scientist. Leading on-sensor testing and reference design for customer product development.

Joe Wang, Ph.D.

Chief Biosensing Scientist & Co-Founder

World-class American researcher and inventor, Director of the UCSD Center for Wearable Sensors. Leading early on-sensor validation.

Ray Garcia

CTO

Technology and AI infrastructure. Driving platform expansion and tech capabilities.

Our Board

Giovanni Battistini

Phenotap CEO

Aryeh Ganz

Founder and Managing Partner of Cornucopian Capital, venture builder and investor focused on Precision Health.

Ken Noonan, PhD

Venture Partner and former CEO of Lightstone Ventures. Former partner at Booz-Allen & Hamiliton’s pharma practice.

Our Advisors

Justin Siegel, Ph.D.

Director, Innovation Institute for Food & Health, UC Davis

Stephen Whalley

Former Intel Director (MEMS/Sensors); wearable sensor expert

Antonio Paoli, MD

Head, Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, University of Padua

Arthur Hiller

Senior executive and advisor, life sciences

Aldo Uva

CEO at Incredo. Former CEO, CSM Ingredients; former COO, Ferrero

Valerio Nannini

Managing Partner at Nannini & Partners. Former GM, Novozymes; former SVP Strategy, Nestlé

About Us

About PhenoTap

About PhenoTap

PhenoTap was founded on CEO Giovanni Battistini’s conviction that metabolic health is approaching a critical inflection point, and that advances in biosensing will define its future. What began as a strategic insight quickly became a technical mission: while the science of ketone measurement was well established, the core engineering challenge had never been solved. No oxidase-based enzyme for beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) existed. It was a bioengineering gap waiting to be solved.

And so PhenoTap set out to solve it. In collaboration with leading academic and industrial partners, we developed and validated a first-of-its-kind oxidase-based enzyme for BHB, bridging the gap between biochemical feasibility and real-world sensor integration. The outcome was KetoTap Core, for which we hold patent-pending IP on the composition of matter.

Today, we operate as a B2B OEM supplier. We make the enzyme; our partners build the devices. Blood meters, test strips, continuous monitors. Our technology drops into existing electrochemical sensor manufacturing, the same processes used for CGMs and glucose strips. PhenoTap brings together deep expertise in biosensing, enzyme engineering, wearable sensors, and medical device commercialization, supported by partnerships with UC Davis, UCSD, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme.

PhenoTap was founded on CEO Giovanni Battistini’s conviction that metabolic health is approaching a critical inflection point, and that advances in biosensing will define its future. What began as a strategic insight quickly became a technical mission: while the science of ketone measurement was well established, the core engineering challenge had never been solved. No oxidase-based enzyme for beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) existed. It was a bioengineering gap waiting to be solved.

And so PhenoTap set out to solve it. In collaboration with leading academic and industrial partners, we developed and validated a first-of-its-kind oxidase-based enzyme for BHB, bridging the gap between biochemical feasibility and real-world sensor integration. The outcome was KetoTap Core, for which we hold patent-pending IP on the composition of matter.

Today, we operate as a B2B OEM supplier. We make the enzyme; our partners build the devices. Blood meters, test strips, continuous monitors. Our technology drops into existing electrochemical sensor manufacturing, the same processes used for CGMs and glucose strips. PhenoTap brings together deep expertise in biosensing, enzyme engineering, wearable sensors, and medical device commercialization, supported by partnerships with UC Davis, UCSD, Codexis, and EvoEnzyme.

Founded

PhenoTap Inc.

R&D

Lab partnerships

IP

Patent-pending

Q2 2026

Customer sampling

Let's Talk

Developing a CKM, manufacturing test strips, or exploring real-time ketone measurement for your product roadmap? We'd like to hear from you.

Schedule a Call

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Let's Talk

Developing a CKM, manufacturing test strips, or exploring real-time ketone measurement for your product roadmap? We'd like to hear from you.

Schedule a Call

Drone shot of a running track at night

Let's Talk

Developing a CKM, manufacturing test strips, or exploring real-time ketone measurement for your product roadmap? We'd like to hear from you.

Schedule a Call

Drone shot of a running track at night